PubMed-compiled information sheet
This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 28 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Background
Traditional uses
Active compounds
Mechanism of action
Clinical evidence
Aqueous 70% ethanol extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose and serum cholesterol in healthy and alloxan-diabetic albino rats [PMID:17627272, PMID:17627 la73]
Extracts and essential oils showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli [PMID:10619384, PMID:20645243, PMID:25054139, PMID:19476011]
Essential oils exhibited antifungal activity against Candida species and plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani [PMID:19476011, PMID:25230517]
Extracts exhibit antioxidant properties by inhibiting superoxide anion formation and scavenging free radicals [PMID:15138012, PMID:26647634]
Evidence summary
PubMed sources
- 1.PMID: 39449984 (2023) — The genome sequence of black horehound, Ballota nigra L. subsp. foetida (Lam.) Hayek (Lamiaceae). · Wellcome open research
- 2.PMID: 27144646 (2016) — Chemical Composition of Ballota macedonica Vandas and Ballota nigra L. ssp. foetida (Vis.) Hayek Essential Oils - The Chemotaxonomic Approach. · Chemistry & biodiversity
- 3.PMID: 15138012 (2004) — Antioxidant properties of Ballota species growing in Turkey. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
- 4.PMID: 17252437 (1996) — Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Ballota nigra. · Planta medica
- 5.PMID: 21091260 (2010) — Radical quenching activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and ferrous ion-chelating capacity of 16 Ballota species and their total phenol and flavonoid contents.