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CO
AntimicrobialVerified
Cuban Oregano
Plectranthus amboinicus
Respiratory conditions across tropical Asia and Africa
This sheet was compiled from PubMed (NIH) abstracts using AI assistance. Every factual claim is cited to a real PubMed article (see the source list). It has not yet been human-reviewed — confirm with a healthcare provider before use.
Compiled from 29 PubMed articles · model: gemma4:31b
Summary
Plectranthus amboinicus is a perennial herb from the Lamiaceae family used in folk medicine for respiratory, digestive, and skin conditions [PMID:27043511, PMID:38321896].
Background
Plectranthus amboinicus (also known as Coleus amboinicus, Indian borage, or Mexican mint) is a perennial plant native to tropical and warm regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia [PMID:27043511, PMID:38321896, PMID:42266885].
Traditional uses
It is widely used in folk medicine to treat colds, asthma, constipation, headaches, coughs, fever, and skin diseases [PMID:27043511, PMID:38321896]. In Indonesia, it is used as a traditional galactogogue (torbangun) [PMID:30000934], and in India, it is consumed with buttermilk during pathogen-induced diarrhea [PMID:25796406].
Active compounds
The plant contains volatiles and non-volatile compounds including monoterpenoids (such as carvacrol and thymol), diterpenoids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolics (including rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid), flavonoids, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and tannins [PMID:27043511, PMID:38321896, PMID:28387609, PMID:42266885].
Mechanism of action
Antibacterial effects are associated with the disruption of bacterial cell walls, leakage of nucleic acids and cell constituents [PMID:27904397], and the decrease of catalase activity, which increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and leads to lipid peroxidation [PMID:37375543]. In arthritis models, it may attenuate inflammatory bone erosion by downregulating RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression [PMID:21724708].
Clinical evidence
Evidence ABreast milk production
A meta-analysis suggests supplementation may increase breastmilk volume, though effect on infant weight gain is uncertain [PMID:30000934].
Evidence DDiabetes
Ethanol extract showed significant reduction in blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats [PMID:22303055].
Evidence DRheumatoid Arthritis
Administration in collagen-induced arthritis mice attenuated inflammatory bone erosion [PMID:21724708].
Evidence DPeriodontitis
Carvacrol (a major component) ameliorated ligation-induced periodontal damage in rats [PMID:28387609].
Evidence DOral Cancer
Demonstrated anticancer activity on oral cancer cell lines in vitro [PMID:36974541].
Evidence DMalaria
Tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infections in mice [PMID:25276063].
Safety & adverse effects
Acute oral toxicity tests in mice at 5000 mg/kg revealed no mortality or evidence of toxicity [PMID:25276063]. It has been used for hundreds of years in Indonesia with apparent safety [PMID:30000934].
Pregnancy & lactation
Used traditionally as a galactogogue in Indonesia; however, no data exist on the excretion of components into breastmilk or the safety and efficacy in nursing mothers or infants [PMID:30000934].
Evidence summary
The majority of evidence is based on in vitro studies, animal models (rats/mice), and review articles. There is one meta-analysis regarding its use as a galactogogue, but robust human clinical trials are lacking.
PubMed sources
1.PMID: 30000934 (2006) — Plectranthus amboinicus: A Systematic Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Properties, and Therapeutic Applications. · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
3.PMID: 38321896 (2024) — Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Coleus amboinicus: A Comprehensive Review. · Current pharmaceutical design
4.PMID: 16289602 (2006) — Plectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
5.PMID: 36974541 (2023) — Anticancer Effect of Plectranthus Amboinicus and Glycyrrhiza Glabra on Oral Cancer Cell Line: An Invitro Experimental Study.
Government sources
No direct government monograph is available for this herb. The content below is AI-generated and has not been verified against an authoritative government source. Use the search links to check official sources before relying on this information.
· Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
6.PMID: 34822112 (2022) — Repellency of Wild Oregano Plant Volatiles, Plectranthus Amboinicus, and Their Essential Oils to the Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci, on Tomato. · Neotropical entomology
7.PMID: 38641078 (2024) — In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the anti-infective potential of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) spreng against Klebsiella pneumoniae and elucidation of its mechanism of action through proteomics approach. · Journal of ethnopharmacology
8.PMID: 33121420 (2022) — Radioprotective Effects of Plants from the Lamiaceae Family. · Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
9.PMID: 35720822 (2022) — Formulation and evaluation of oral disintegrating films using a natural ingredient against Streptococcus mutans. · Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD
10.PMID: 37110197 (2023) — How Central Carbon Metabolites of Mexican Mint (Plectranthus amboinicus) Plants Are Impacted under Different Watering Regimes. · Metabolites
11.PMID: 37375543 (2023) — Evaluation of the Effect of Plectranthus amboinicus L. Leaf Extracts on the Bacterial Antioxidant System and Cell Membrane Integrity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC8325. · Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
12.PMID: 32128001 (2019) — Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Leaves Ethanolic Extract as Herbal Mouthwash Against Halitosis Caused Bacteria. · Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences
13.PMID: 36615569 (2023) — Comparative Effects of Two Forms of Chitosan on Selected Phytochemical Properties of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.). · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
14.PMID: 22303055 (2011) — Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of plectranthus amboinicus on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. · Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences
15.PMID: 37419284 (2023) — Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) spreng leaf in DMBA induced rats. · Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
16.PMID: 21724708 (2011) — Plectranthus amboinicus attenuates inflammatory bone erosion in mice with collagen-induced arthritis by downregulation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression. · The Journal of rheumatology
17.PMID: 28387609 (2017) — Carvacrol Ameliorates Ligation-Induced Periodontitis in Rats. · Journal of periodontology
18.PMID: 36518120 (2022) — Molecular docking analysis of bioactive compounds from Plectranthus amboinicus with glucokinase. · Bioinformation
19.PMID: 42266885 (2026) — Nutritional Composition, Therapeutic Benefits, and Functional Food Potential of Coleus amboinicus: A Comprehensive Review. · Food science & nutrition
20.PMID: 32614884 (2020) — Functional characterization of a new terpene synthase from Plectranthus amboinicus. · PloS one
21.PMID: 38317433 (2024) — Development of PU foam dressings loaded with extract of Plectranthus amboinicus for burn wound healing. · Drug development and industrial pharmacy
22.PMID: 36297499 (2022) — New Horizons of Macrophage Immunomodulation in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. · Pharmaceutics
23.PMID: 36836886 (2023) — Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation of Essential Oil from Plectranthus amboinicus: Evaluation of Its Antifungal Effect and Chemical Composition. · Life (Basel, Switzerland)
24.PMID: 27904397 (2016) — Antibacterial Activity of Indian Borage (Plectranthus amboinicus Benth) Leaf Extracts in Food Systems and
Against Natural Microflora in Chicken Meat. · Food technology and biotechnology
25.PMID: 25276063 (2014) — Antimalarial activity of Malaysian Plectranthus amboinicus against Plasmodium berghei. · Pharmacognosy research
26.PMID: 35178723 (2022) — Encapsulation of wild oregano, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, phenolic extract in baker's yeast for the postharvest control of anthracnose in papaya. · Journal of the science of food and agriculture
27.PMID: 29630520 (2018) — Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous leaf extract of Indian borage (oregano) on rats induced with inflammation. · Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers
28.PMID: 25796406 (2015) — Plectranthus amboinicus leaves stimulate growth of probiotic L. plantarum: evidence for ethnobotanical use in diarrhea. · Journal of ethnopharmacology